NewSpace Market · Sector Catalogue
Electric Propulsion
Every unit we list in this sector — specifications, manufacturers and where to ask for a quote. Compiled from the live NewSpace Market catalogue.
About this catalogue
What is inside
This catalogue lists 124 electric propulsion products offered by 51 manufacturers across 17 countries. Of those, 46 carry a manufacturer datasheet and 5 publish a price; the rest are quoted on request — normal in this market, where configuration drives cost.
Entries are grouped alphabetically by manufacturer. Every product links back to its page on newspacemarket.com, where you will find the full specification, the datasheet and a quote form that reaches the manufacturer directly.
Compiled 14 October 2026 from the live catalogue. Specifications are as published by the manufacturers; we normalise units but do not re-measure. Where a figure looked implausible it was left out rather than guessed.
Manufacturers by country
Overview
All products at a glance
| Product | Manufacturer | Country | Key specification | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60l S-XTA Xenon (Xe) | MT Aerospace | Germany | Capacity: 60l | on request |
| Ablation Jet Engine | Yuzhnoye Design Bureau | Ukraine | Working medium: Fluoroplastic (PTFE) | on request |
| AEPS Advanced Electric Propulsion System | Aerojet Rocketdyne (L3Harris) | United States | Power level: 12 kW | on request |
| AEPS Advanced Electric Propulsion System — Hall-Effect Ion Thruster for NASA Gateway | Lanzo Batteries | — | — | on request |
| Air-Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) Thruster | Kreios Space | Spain | Satellite platform lifetime: >7 years | on request |
| Air-Scooping Electric Thruster (ASET) — Air-Breathing VLEO Propulsion | Viridian Space | United States | Operating altitude (VLEO): 150–300 km | on request |
| AIS-gPPT3-1C Series Integrated Propulsion Module | Applied Ion Systems | United States | Thruster type: AIS-gPPT3-1C Micro Pulsed Plasma Thruster | $2 500 |
| AIS-VAT0-DEMO Educational DIY Micro Vacuum Arc Thruster Kit | Applied Ion Systems | United States | Type: Micro Vacuum Arc Thruster Demo DIY Kit | $570 |
| AIS-VAT1-PQ | Applied Ion Systems | United States | Type: Micro Vacuum Arc Thruster | $3 500 |
| Ammonia Jet Propulsion System (APS) | Yuzhnoye Design Bureau | Ukraine | Propellant: Ammonia | on request |
| Apollo Constellation Engine | Apollo Fusion (Astra) | United States | Thruster type: Hall-effect thruster | on request |
| Apollo Constellation Engine (ACE) Ion Thruster | Apollo Fusion (Astra) | United States | Type: Hall-effect ion thruster | on request |
| Arka Hall Effect Thruster Series | Bellatrix Aerospace | India | Arka 50 - thrust: 3 mN | on request |
| ARM-O (Aurora Resistojet Module for Orbit Control) | Aurora Propulsion Technologies | Finland | Propellant: Water | on request |
| ASCEND Propulsion System | Ascend Beyond Space | United States | Compatible battery types: Li-ion, LiPo | on request |
| ASET Air-Scooping Electric Thruster | Viridian Space | United States | Propulsion type: Air-breathing electric thruster (ABEP) | on request |
| Astra Satellite Engine (ASE) | Astra Space | United States | Propellant: Xenon (Xe) or Krypton (Kr) | on request |
| Aurora Hall-effect Propulsion System | Orbion Space Technology | United States | Technology: Hall-effect thruster (HET), magnetically shielded | on request |
| Aurora Resistojet Module for Orbit Control (ARM-O) | Aurora Propulsion Technologies | Finland | Thrust-to-power need: 10x more than FEEP | on request |
| BET-MAX Electrospray Thruster System | Busek Co. | United States | Thruster module: BET-300P passively-fed electrospray thruster, 125 cm³ | on request |
| BHT-100 | Busek Co. | United States | Discharge power: 100 W | on request |
| BHT-1500 | Busek Co. | United States | Nominal discharge power: 1,500 W | on request |
| BHT-200 | Busek Co. | United States | Specific impulse: 1390 seconds | on request |
| BHT-20K | Busek Co. | United States | Discharge power: 20,000 W | on request |
| BHT-350 | Busek Co. | United States | Nominal discharge power: 350 W | on request |
| BHT-6000 | Busek Co. | United States | Nominal discharge power (High Thrust Mode): 5,000 W | on request |
| BIT-3 RF Ion Thruster | Busek Co. | United States | System power: 56-75 W | on request |
| CHIPS — CubeSat High Impulse Propulsion System | CU Aerospace | United States | Thruster type: Warm-gas resistojet (superheater) | on request |
| Cluster of IFM Nano Thruster for Smallsats | ENPULSION GmbH | Austria | Manufacturer: ENPULSION | on request |
| DeltaX Electrospray Thruster | DeltaX Propulsion | United States | Thruster type: Electrospray (electric propulsion) | on request |
| DXP Electrospray Thruster | DeltaX Propulsion | United States | Specific impulse (Isp): ~3,000 s | on request |
| Electric Propulsion | SITAEL S.p.A. | Italy | Hall effect thruster power range: ~100 W up to tens of kW | on request |
| Electric Propulsion System | OHB Sweden AB | Sweden | — | on request |
| Electric Propulsion Systems | ATI Space (Advanced Technology Institute) | Japan | Types: PPT, Hall effect, ADN green, nanoFEEP | on request |
| Electrospray Thrusters | Busek Co. | United States | System Power: 12 W - 14 W (24 W max) | on request |
| ENPULSION NANO Thruster (IFM Nano Thruster) | ENPULSION GmbH | Austria | Thrust range: 0.01–0.35 mN | on request |
| EPSylon | OHB Sweden AB | Sweden | Propellant: Xe | on request |
| ExoMG Hall Effect Thruster | Exotrail | France | — | on request |
| FalconSat-3 | Busek Co. | United States | — | on request |
| Filament pulsed plasma thruster (FPPT) | CU Aerospace | United States | Minimum specific impulse: 3,500 s | on request |
| FireStar Foundation Drive | Miles Space / RocketStar | United States | Propellant: H2O (filled as liquid; liquid or solid during storage/use) | on request |
| FireStar Fusion Drive | Miles Space / RocketStar | United States | Base thruster: FireStar Foundation Drive (water-fueled pulsed plasma) | on request |
| FPPT — Fiber-Fed Pulsed Plasma Thruster | CU Aerospace | United States | Thruster type: Pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) with electromagnetic thrust vec… | on request |
| FPPT Fiber-Fed Pulsed Plasma Thruster | CU Aerospace | United States | Pulse duration: 10 microseconds | on request |
| GO-2 Electric Propulsion System | Morpheus Space | Germany | Total thrust range: 5 microN - 400 microN | on request |
| Hall Effect Thrusters (HT-100/HT-400/HT-5k) | SITAEL S.p.A. | Italy | Power range: ~100 W up to tens of kW | on request |
| Hall Thruster Systems | aliena | Singapore | Spacecraft bus input: 25 - 36 V | on request |
| Hall Thrusters | aliena | Singapore | — | on request |
| Hall Thrusters | Busek Co. | United States | — | on request |
| Halo12 Kit | Voyager Technologies | United States | Thruster type: Hall-effect (Halo12) | on request |
| IHET-300 Hall Effect Thruster | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division | Israel | — | on request |
| Ion Propulsion Components and Test Equipment | ION-X | France | Products: Thruster grids, discharge chambers, hollow cathode neutralizers, … | on request |
| Iris Propulsion Module / Propulsion Kit | ExoTerra Resource | United States | Radiation tolerance (Iris): 30 kRad TID | on request |
| Jal Microwave Plasma Thruster | Bellatrix Aerospace | India | Thrust (Jal 5000): 300 mN | on request |
| Jinwu Electric Propulsion System | Hongqing Technology (鸿擎科技) | China | Propellant: Argon (Ar) | on request |
| LISA Pathfinder First Flight Electrospray Thruster | Busek Co. | United States | — | on request |
| Maxwell Block 3 RF Plasma Thruster | Phase Four | United States | Dry mass: 5.9 kg | $250 000 |
| Maxwell RF Ion Thruster | Phase Four | United States | Propellant: Xenon or Krypton (inert gas) | on request |
| MESSE Magnetically Enhanced Small Satellite Engine | aliena | Singapore | System power: 350 W (nominal) | on request |
| Micro R³ | ENPULSION GmbH | Austria | Dynamic Thrust Range: 0.5 - 1 mN | on request |
| Monofilament Vaporization Propulsion (MVP) | CU Aerospace | United States | Specific Impulse: 66 s | on request |
| MoonRanger — 5 kW Hall-Effect Thruster | Pulsar Fusion | United Kingdom | Power: 5–7 kW | on request |
| Multi-Modal Electric Propulsion Engine (MEPE) | Aurora Propulsion Technologies | Finland | Form factor: 5U | on request |
| MUSIC Electric Propulsion System | aliena | Singapore | Type: Multi-stage Hall thruster, modular design | on request |
| MUSIC Flight-ready | 2nd gen qualified 2026 | aliena | Singapore | Form factor: 4U | on request |
| MUSIC Hollow Cathode | aliena | Singapore | Type: Heated, ceramic encapsulated | on request |
| Nano R³ | ENPULSION GmbH | Austria | — | on request |
| NanoTILE CubeSat Propulsion Module | Accion Systems | United States | Form factor: 0.3U, ~100 g | on request |
| ND-25TC Neumann Drive — Low-Power Nanosatellite Thruster | Neumann Space | Australia | Thruster type: Centre-Triggered Pulsed Cathodic Arc Thruster (CT-PCAT) | on request |
| ND-50 Neumann Drive — Pulsed Cathodic Arc Thruster | Neumann Space | Australia | Thruster type: Centre-Triggered Pulsed Cathodic Arc Thruster (CT-PCAT) | on request |
| NEXT-C Ion Propulsion System | Aerojet Rocketdyne (L3Harris) | United States | Power level: 7 kW | on request |
| Next-Generation Argon Propellant Electric Propulsion System | Hongqing Technology (鸿擎科技) | China | — | on request |
| Nexus | ENPULSION GmbH | Austria | — | on request |
| NPT30-I2 | ThrustMe | France | — | on request |
| NPT30-I2 Iodine Ion Thruster for CubeSats and SmallSats | ThrustMe | France | — | on request |
| nμpro Electrospray Thruster | Morpheus Space | Germany | Thruster type: Electrospray (ionic liquid) | on request |
| Orbital Arc Thruster and PPU | Orbital Arc | — | Expected dry mass (thruster + PPU combined): < 600 g | on request |
| PBH-100 Hall Effect Thruster | Pale Blue | — | Power: 110 - 180 W | on request |
| PBI Water Ion Thruster | Pale Blue | — | Power: < 60 W | on request |
| PBR-30 | Pale Blue | — | Power: 10 - 35 W | on request |
| Plugim Electrospray Thruster | XIROI | Spain | Figures are: Vendor-stated performance requirements (design targets), not m… | on request |
| Pocket Rocket Vacuum Arc Thruster | Solid State Propulsion | South Africa | Maximum thrust: 200 uN | on request |
| PPSU Plasma Propulsion Selection Unit | EREMS | France | Function: Switches thruster/cathode signals from 2 PPUs to a single thruster | on request |
| Pulsed Plasma Rocket (PPR) | Howe Industries | United States | Thrust: 100,000 N (100 kN) | on request |
| PureLine Topaz/THORs Power Processing Unit | Airbus Defence and Space | France | Design life: 10 years in LEO | on request |
| R-200 Electric Propulsion System (EPS) | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division | Israel | — | on request |
| R-200 Hall Effect Thruster | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division | Israel | — | on request |
| R-800 Electric Propulsion System (EPS) | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division | Israel | — | on request |
| R-800 Hall Effect Thruster | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division | Israel | — | on request |
| REGULUS Electric Propulsion | T4i - Technology for Propulsion and Innovation | Italy | Propellant: Iodine (I2) | on request |
| RF Ion Thrusters | Busek Co. | United States | System Power: 56-80 W | on request |
| Rogue | Magdrive | United Kingdom | Integrated system fits inside: single 2U cubesat | on request |
| RUDRA Hall Effect Thruster | Bellatrix Aerospace | India | — | on request |
| Satellite Engine | Astra Space | United States | Specific impulse: ~1,300-1,400s | on request |
| Scalable Propulsion Portfolio | ENPULSION GmbH | Austria | — | on request |
| SEPTIR | Howe Industries | United States | Specific impulse: 3,048 s | on request |
| SpaceVan Electric Propulsion Transfer System | Exotrail | France | Propulsion type: Hall-effect (xenon) electric propulsion | on request |
| spaceware™ Hall Effect Thruster | Exotrail | France | Thrust: 2.5 mN | on request |
| SPS-100 Propulsion System | Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS) | Ukraine | Total power consumption: Up to 1750 W | on request |
| SPS-40 Propulsion System | Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS) | Ukraine | Total power consumption: 300-600 W | on request |
| ST-100 Hall Thruster | Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS) | Ukraine | Consumption power: 800-1500 W | on request |
| ST-25 Hall Thruster | Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS) | Ukraine | Consumption power: 100-250 W | on request |
| ST-40 Hall Thruster | Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS) | Ukraine | Consumption power: 250-600 W | on request |
| STAR-Water-micro — Water Resistojet for Microsatellites | OhmSpace | Italy | Technology: High-temperature water resistojet | on request |
| STAR-Water-nano — Water Resistojet for Nanosatellites | OhmSpace | Italy | Technology: High-temperature water resistojet (2,400 K) | on request |
| STAR-X — Xenon Resistojet for GEO Reaction Control | OhmSpace | Italy | Technology: High-temperature xenon/krypton resistojet | on request |
| SUB-KILOWATT HALL THRUSTERS | Busek Co. | United States | — | on request |
| T5 Ion Thruster | QinetiQ Space | United Kingdom | Grid diameter: 10 cm | on request |
| T6 Ion Thruster | QinetiQ Space | United Kingdom | Grid diameter: 22 cm | on request |
| TacSat-2 | Busek Co. | United States | — | on request |
| ThrustMe In-Space Propulsion Solutions | ThrustMe | France | Flight heritage: World’s first in-orbit demonstration of iodine-fuelled ele… | on request |
| TILE Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thruster | Accion Systems | United States | Propellant type: Ionic liquid (solid-state chip, no pressurized gas) | on request |
| TRINIT-ION Gridded Ion Thruster | Blue Orbit Space Systems | Germany | Propellant: Argon, Nitrogen | on request |
| TRINITY ABE Air Breathing Thruster | Blue Orbit Space Systems | Germany | Propellant: Argon, Nitrogen | on request |
| TRINITY HET Hall Effect Thruster | Blue Orbit Space Systems | Germany | Propellant: Argon, Nitrogen | on request |
| TunaTank Thruster | SteamJet Space | United Kingdom | Wet mass: ~0.9 kg | £54 990 |
| URA HET (Hall-effect Thruster) – WETHET / AquaHET | URA Thrusters | United Kingdom | Model: WETHET-2000 | on request |
| VACCO CubeSat Propulsion and ChEMS Flow Control Modules | VACCO Industries | United States | Technology: ChEMS — Chemically Etched Micro Systems (patent #6,334,301), ti… | on request |
| Vacuum Arc Thruster (VAT) Electric Propulsion System | Hypernova Space Technologies | South Africa | Thruster type: Vacuum Arc Thruster (VAT) — plasma electric propulsion | on request |
| Warlock | Magdrive | United Kingdom | Integrated system size: 2U cubesat | on request |
| Water Hall-effect Thruster | Pale Blue | — | Power: 600 W | on request |
| XFS (Xenon Feed System) | Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS) | Ukraine | Inlet pressure: Up to 180 bar | on request |
| XR-5 Hall Thruster System | Aerojet Rocketdyne (L3Harris) | United States | Type: Hall effect thruster subsystem | on request |
| µCAT Propulsion System | aliena | Singapore | — | on request |
Products
Products by manufacturer
Accion Systems
United States · 2014 · 2 productsUS startup developing TILE electrospray propulsion chips for nanosatellites — ultra-compact, modular electric propulsion scaled from CubeSats to larger platforms.
NanoTILE CubeSat Propulsion Module
Accion Systems' NanoTILE miniaturized electrospray propulsion module for 1U–6U CubeSats, providing orbit maintenance, attitude control, and deorbit capability in a 0.3U form factor
| Form factor | 0.3U, ~100 g |
| Target platform | 1U–6U CubeSats |
| Thrust range | 0.01–0.1 mN |
| Specific impulse | 800–1,500 s |
| Power | 0.5–3 W |
TILE Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thruster
Accion Systems' TILE electrospray ion thruster — a propellant-free, solid-state thruster for CubeSats and small satellites using ionic liquid propellant in a film.
| Propellant type | Ionic liquid (solid-state chip, no pressurized gas) |
| Thrust range | 0.05–1 mN per module |
| Specific impulse | 800–2,000 s |
| Power | 1–20 W |
| Safety | No pressurized tanks, no valves, no moving parts — rideshare safe |
Aerojet Rocketdyne (L3Harris)
United States · 1915 · 3 productsMajor US propulsion company (now part of L3Harris); RL10, RS-25/SLS engines, satellite thrusters, and solid rocket motors; 75+ years heritage powering US launch vehicles.

AEPS Advanced Electric Propulsion System
12 kW Hall thruster developed with NASA Glenn and JPL; three units will provide primary propulsion for the lunar Gateway Power and Propulsion Element.
| Power level | 12 kW |
| Type | Hall effect electric propulsion thruster |
| Development partners | NASA Glenn Research Center, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| Status | Development testing completed 2021; qualification testing started at NASA Glenn 2023 |
| Application | Three thrusters as primary propulsion for the lunar Gateway Power and Propulsion Element |

NEXT-C Ion Propulsion System
7 kW gridded ion propulsion system based on NASA Glenn technology, flown as a technology demonstration on NASA's DART mission.
| Power level | 7 kW |
| Type | Gridded ion propulsion system |
| Technology basis | NASA Glenn Research Center mission-proven technology |
| Flight heritage | NASA DART mission, launched 2021 (technology demonstration) |

XR-5 Hall Thruster System
Flight-proven Hall effect thruster subsystem used on AEHF, Northrop Grumman GEOStar-3 and Mission Extension Vehicles, and Lockheed Martin LM2100 satellites.
| Type | Hall effect thruster subsystem |
| Status | Flight proven, in service |
| Platforms | AEHF constellation, Northrop Grumman GEOStar-3 and Mission Extension Vehicles, Lockheed Ma |
Airbus Defence and Space
France · 2014 · 1 productAirbus Defence and Space designs and manufactures satellites, spacecraft equipment, and provides related services for telecommunications, navigation, Earth observation, and space exploration.

PureLine Topaz/THORs Power Processing Unit
The PureLine Topaz/THORs is a compact, innovative, and flexible Power Processing Unit (PPU) designed for satellite electric propulsion, particularly for New Space applications.
| Design life | 10 years in LEO |
| Total Impulse | 200 kN |
| Operating temperature | -30…+60 °C |
| Shock level | 12.3 g (RMS) - 9.5 g Rms |
| Vibration level | 20grms |
aliena
Singapore · 2018 · 7 productsAliena develops and manufactures Hall thruster systems for small satellites, providing integrated propulsion solutions for various satellite classes from nanosatellites to medium satellites.

Hall Thruster Systems
Aliena's Hall Thruster Systems are engineered as integrated, plug-and-play solutions, offering both COTS and bespoke configurations for various space missions.
| Spacecraft bus input | 25 - 36 V |
| Tcu input | 25 - 36 V | 6 A (Peak) |
| Tcu comms | Redundant CAN bus via CSP | RS422 available (TBD) |

Hall Thrusters
ALIENA offers a range of Hall Thrusters designed for various satellite classes, providing efficient and reliable propulsion solutions.

MESSE Magnetically Enhanced Small Satellite Engine
Compact 350 W high-thrust Hall thruster for 100-500 kg platforms: 13.5 mN, ~1100 s Isp, over 200 kNs total impulse.
| System power | 350 W (nominal) |
| Thrust | 13.5 mN |
| Specific impulse | ~1100 s |
| Total impulse | > 200 kNs |
| Propellant | Kr / Xe |

MUSIC Electric Propulsion System
Multi-stage Hall thruster with three operating modes covering 0.1 to 3 mN of thrust and 200 to 1000 s Isp in 1.5U or 4U form factors, flown since 2022.
| Type | Multi-stage Hall thruster, modular design |
| Self-ignition mode | 1.5U form factor, < 20 W, up to 0.25 mN, up to 200 s, 1 kNs total impulse, 2 kg wet mass, |
| Hot mode | 4U form factor, < 100 W, ~3 mN, ~1000 s, 15 kNs total impulse, 5 kg wet mass, microsatelli |
| Dual mode / fault-tolerant | 4U form factor, < 100 W, 0.1 to 3 mN, 200 to 1000 s, 15 kNs total impulse, 5 kg wet mass, |
| Fuel | Xe / Kr gas |

MUSIC Flight-ready | 2nd gen qualified 2026
The most capable integrated propulsion solution for nanosatellites and microsatellites, a fully self-contained 4U system ready to integrate.
| Form factor | 4U |
| Wet mass | 6 kg |
| System power | 100 W |
| Specific impulse | ~700 s |
| Total impulse | ~15 kNs |

MUSIC Hollow Cathode
Flight-ready 1 A-class LaB6 hollow cathode for Hall thrusters from 70 to 350 W, 50 g in 3 x 4.5 cm.
| Type | Heated, ceramic encapsulated |
| Emitter | Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) |
| Current | 0.2 - 1.2 A |
| Ignition heating power | < 50 W |
| Flow rate (Xe) | 0.05 - 0.16 mg/s |

µCAT Propulsion System
The µCAT (Micro Cathode Arc Thruster) is a miniaturized electric propulsion system developed by Aliena, a Singapore-based space startup. Using a solid titanium propellant and requi
Apollo Fusion (Astra)
United States · 2 productsApollo Fusion (Astra) designs and manufactures flight-proven electric propulsion systems for satellites and provides launch services, headquartered in Alameda, California.

Apollo Constellation Engine
ACE is a compact Hall-effect thruster propulsion system developed by Apollo Fusion (acquired by Astra in 2021) for smallsat and constellation electric propulsion, offering multi-pr
| Thruster type | Hall-effect thruster |
| Propellant | Krypton, Xenon, or proprietary propellants (multi-propellant capable) |
| Input power | 400 W (operable 280-600 W) |
| Thrust (Krypton) | ~18 mN |
| Thrust (Xenon) | ~25 mN |

Apollo Constellation Engine (ACE) Ion Thruster
Apollo Fusion's ACE — a 200 W Hall-effect ion thruster for small satellites, providing cost-effective electric propulsion for constellation station-keeping and orbit transfers.
| Type | Hall-effect ion thruster |
| Power | 200 W |
| Thrust | ~12 mN |
| Specific impulse | ~1,600 s |
| Propellant | Xenon |
Applied Ion Systems
United States · 3 productsApplied Ion Systems develops and tests micro End Hall Thrusters for electric propulsion.

AIS-gPPT3-1C Series Integrated Propulsion Module
An open-source, ultra-low-cost micro pulsed plasma thruster module designed for PocketQubes and CubeSats, with confirmed flight heritage on orbit aboard a 1U CubeSat. Now retired.
| Thruster type | AIS-gPPT3-1C Micro Pulsed Plasma Thruster |
| Fuel | Teflon |
| Power draw | 500 mW |
| Primary capacitor bank | 0.136uF |
| Primary bank working voltage | 2 kV |

AIS-VAT0-DEMO Educational DIY Micro Vacuum Arc Thruster Kit
The first off-the-shelf DIY educational electric propulsion learning kit, allowing anyone to build and fire a fully operational micro vacuum arc thruster based on real flight-modul
| Type | Micro Vacuum Arc Thruster Demo DIY Kit |
| Power | 2.5 W |
| Shot lifetime (10^-2 Torr) | >300,000 |
| Shot lifetime (10^-6 Torr) | 60,000 |
| Rep rate | Single Shot to 8 Hz |

AIS-VAT1-PQ
A flight-qualified micro vacuum arc thruster (MVAT) using solid bismuth fuel, designed to provide propulsion for PocketQube and small CubeSat satellites.
| Type | Micro Vacuum Arc Thruster |
| Power | 2.5 W or 5 W Options |
| Thrust (Beginning of Life) | 26uN |
| Thrust (End of Life) | <1uN |
| Shot lifetime | 40,000 |
Ascend Beyond Space
United States · 2021 · 1 productSpace technology startup developing solutions for orbital logistics and in-space operations.
ASCEND Propulsion System
A high-performance, cost-effective water-based resistojet propulsion system offering best-in-class thrust and specific impulse for its category, designed for deorbiting and mission
| Compatible battery types | Li-ion, LiPo |
| Discharge method | Passive resistive |
| Command interface | Single ground command |
| Operating temperature | -40 to +85 °C |
| Compliance | IADC debris mitigation guidelines |
Astra Space
United States · 2016 · 2 productsAstra Space designs and manufactures responsive mobile launch systems (Rocket 4.0) and flight-proven electric propulsion systems for satellites, headquartered in Alameda, California.

Astra Satellite Engine (ASE)
Flight-proven Hall-effect electric propulsion system for small satellites, operating on xenon or krypton with scalable multi-thruster configurations.
| Propellant | Xenon (Xe) or Krypton (Kr) |
| Input power | 400 W (single string) |
| Thrust (Xe) | ~25 mN |
| Thrust (Kr) | ~18 mN |
| Specific impulse (Xe) | ~1,400 s |

Satellite Engine
Astra's Satellite Engine offers superior fuel efficiency with a thrust range of ~18-25 mN, providing mission flexibility for various space applications.
| Specific impulse | ~1,300-1,400s |
| Thrust range | ~18-25 mN |
| Propellant options | Xenon (Xe) or Krypton (Kr) |
ATI Space (Advanced Technology Institute)
Japan · 2008 · 1 productAdvanced Technology Institute (ATI) is a Tokyo-based space engineering firm supporting satellite and launch vehicle development, manufacturing thermal vacuum chambers, and supplying space-grade components including propulsion systems, senso

Electric Propulsion Systems
ATI Space supplies a range of electric propulsion systems for small and CubeSat spacecraft, including nano pulsed plasma thrusters (PPT), Hall effect thrusters, ADN green propulsio
| Types | PPT, Hall effect, ADN green, nanoFEEP |
| Applications | CubeSat, nanosatellite, microsatellite |
| Functions | Orbit raising, station keeping, attitude control, deorbit |
| Propellant | PTFE, ADN green, xenon |
Aurora Propulsion Technologies
Finland · 2018 · 3 productsFinnish manufacturer of water-propellant resistojet thrusters and propellant-free plasma brake deorbiting tethers for small satellites, from CubeSats to SmallSats.

ARM-O (Aurora Resistojet Module for Orbit Control)
A modular water-propellant resistojet thruster module for satellite orbit control, ideal for collision avoidance and small orbital maneuvers on SmallSats, CubeSats and PicoSats.
| Propellant | Water |
| Thrust-to-power ratio | Ten times more thrust to power need compared to FEEP |
| Specific impulse | Double the specific impulse compared to cold gas |
| Target platforms | SmallSats, CubeSats and PicoSats |
| Iod | 2026 |

Aurora Resistojet Module for Orbit Control (ARM-O)
A modular water-propellant resistojet thruster module for satellite orbit control, designed for collision avoidance and small orbital maneuvers on SmallSats, CubeSats and PicoSats.
| Thrust-to-power need | 10x more than FEEP |
| Specific impulse | 2x compared to cold gas |
| Propulsion safety | Safe and reliable propulsion |
| Flight heritage / iod | IOD 2026 |
| Applicable platforms | SmallSats, CubeSats, PicoSats |

Multi-Modal Electric Propulsion Engine (MEPE)
5U dual-mode electric propulsion system combining Hall-effect thruster and resistojet modes with green propellant — orbital maneuvers up to 150 kg, flew as IOD in 2023.
| Form factor | 5U |
| Propulsion modes | Hall-effect thruster + resistojet |
| Propellant | Green (non-toxic) |
| Max serviceable satellite mass | ~150 kg |
| Flight heritage | IOD launched 2023 (ORB-12 STRIDER) |
Bellatrix Aerospace
India · 2015 · 3 productsIndian in-space propulsion company developing electric and green chemical thrusters and orbital transfer vehicles for missions from nanosatellites to GEO platforms.

Arka Hall Effect Thruster Series
Family of Hall Effect Thrusters from 50 W to 5 kW for cubesats through large GEO platforms.
| Arka 50 - thrust | 3 mN |
| Arka 50 - power | 50 W |
| Arka 50 - specific impulse | 860 s |
| Arka 100 - thrust | 7 mN |
| Arka 100 - power | 100 W |

Jal Microwave Plasma Thruster
Water-fuelled microwave plasma electric thruster with zero propellant cost, for GEO and high-power missions.
| Thrust (Jal 5000) | 300 mN |
| Power input | 5000 W |
| Specific impulse | 1050 s |
| Operational lifespan | >20,000 hours |
| Propellant | Water |

RUDRA Hall Effect Thruster
RUDRA is a Hall Effect Thruster (HET) developed by Bellatrix Aerospace of India for small satellite propulsion. It is designed for attitude control, orbit raising, and station-keep
Blue Orbit Space Systems
Germany · 3 productsBlue Orbit Space Systems is a German deep-tech startup based in Bremen that develops electric propulsion systems for small satellites and plasma-based solutions for industrial applications.

TRINIT-ION Gridded Ion Thruster
Argon/nitrogen gridded ion thruster of the TRINITY series: under 50 mN thrust, up to 2500 s Isp, total impulse below 2000 kN-s.
| Propellant | Argon, Nitrogen |
| Mass (incl. thruster and cathode) | 2.5 kg |
| Dimensions | 90 x 85 x 115 mm |
| Nominal input power | 800 - 1200 W |
| Operational power range | 1500 W |

TRINITY ABE Air Breathing Thruster
Air-breathing electric thruster of the TRINITY series for VLEO operation at 180-250 km: under 20 mN thrust, up to 2000 s Isp.
| Propellant | Argon, Nitrogen |
| Mass (incl. thruster and cathode) | 2.5 kg |
| Dimensions | 90 x 85 x 115 mm |
| Nominal input power | 800 - 1200 W |
| Operational power range | 1500 W |

TRINITY HET Hall Effect Thruster
Argon/nitrogen Hall effect thruster of the TRINITY series for small satellites: under 100 mN thrust, up to 1100 s Isp, LEO to GEO.
| Propellant | Argon, Nitrogen |
| Mass (incl. thruster and cathode) | 2.5 kg |
| Dimensions | 90 x 85 x 115 mm |
| Nominal input power | 800 - 1200 W |
| Operational power range | 1500 W |
Busek Co.
United States · 1985 · 15 productsBusek Co. Inc. designs, develops, and manufactures electric propulsion thrusters and related space hardware for military, government, and commercial satellites, with a focus on Hall, electrospray, RF

BET-MAX Electrospray Thruster System
Multi-axis precision electrospray propulsion system (BET-300P thrusters) for ultra-precise attitude/orbital control down to 1U platforms.
| Thruster module | BET-300P passively-fed electrospray thruster, 125 cm³ |
| Thrusters per PPU | Up to 4 |
| Thrust range | < 1 µN to 150 µN, sub-µN resolution |
| Impulse per module | > 100 N·s |
| Neutralizer | Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Cathode (CNTFEC), propellant-less |

BHT-100
The BHT-100 is a compact, magnetically shielded Hall thruster designed for small spacecraft, offering high efficiency and a predicted lifetime of 10,000 hours or more.
| Discharge power | 100 W |
| Supply voltage | 200 VDC |
| Thrust | 7 mN |
| Specific impulse | 1000 seconds |
| Propellants | Xenon, Iodine |

BHT-1500
The BHT-1500 is a 2kW-class Hall Effect thruster featuring an innovative center-mounted cathode, designed for efficient and high-performance propulsion using xenon, krypton, or iod
| Nominal discharge power | 1,500 W |
| Discharge power range | 1,000-2,700 W |
| Nominal thrust | 101 mN (Xe) |
| Propellants | Xenon, Krypton, Iodine |
| Nominal specific impulse | 1710 seconds |

BHT-200
The BHT-200 is a high-performance, mature Hall effect thruster with flight heritage, designed for spacecraft propulsion and capable of operating with various propellants including
| Specific impulse | 1390 seconds |
| Demonstrated impulse | 74.88 kN⋅s |
| Predicted total impulse | >140 kN⋅s |
| Discharge power | 200 W |
| Supply voltage | 250 VDC |

BHT-20K
The BHT-20K is Busek's highest power Hall thruster to date, designed for high-power space missions and capable of delivering 1 Newton of thrust.
| Discharge power | 20,000 W |
| Supply voltage | 450 VDC |
| Thrust | 1006 mN |
| Propellants | Xenon, Krypton, Iodine |
| Specific impulse | 2515 seconds |

BHT-350
The BHT-350 is a Hall Effect thruster designed for high-volume production and scalability in new space applications, offering an economical propulsion solution for constellations a
| Nominal discharge power | 350 W |
| Throttle range | 200 W-600W |
| Nominal thrust | 17 mN |
| Propellants | Xenon, Krypton, Iodine |
| Nominal specific impulse | 1244s |

BHT-6000
The BHT-6000 is a high-performance Hall effect thruster optimized for mid-to-high power applications, capable of operating in both high thrust and high impulse modes.
| Nominal discharge power (High Thrust Mode) | 5,000 W |
| Supply voltage (High Thrust Mode) | 300 V |
| Thrust (High Thrust Mode) | 320 mN |
| Specific impulse (High Thrust Mode) | 2,029 s |
| Nominal discharge power (High Impulse Mode) | 6,000 W |

BIT-3 RF Ion Thruster
Compact iodine-fueled gridded RF ion thruster; flown on NASA SLS deep-space CubeSat missions.
| System power | 56-75 W |
| Thrust | Up to 1.1 mN |
| Specific impulse | Up to 2150 s |
| System dry mass | 1.40 kg (with gimbal) |
| Delta-v | Up to 2.39 km/s (14 kg CubeSat) |

Electrospray Thrusters
Enabling unique missions in space-based science, from detecting gravity waves to stabilizing large observatories, these thrusters offer precise thrust control and efficient operati
| System Power | 12 W - 14 W (24 W max) |
| Propellant | Ionic Liquid |
| Thrust | <1uN-150uN range per thruster |
| Thrust Noise | <0.2uN/rtHz |
| Specific Impulse | 850 seconds - 2300 seconds |

FalconSat-3
The FalconSat-3 features the first 3-electrode micro-pulsed plasma thruster (μPPT) in space, launched in 2007.

Hall Thrusters
Busek develops leading edge electric propulsion thrusters to enable entirely new classes of spacecraft missions, balancing extraordinarily high specific impulse with excellent thru

LISA Pathfinder First Flight Electrospray Thruster
Busek delivered eight electrospray thruster clusters for the NASA/ESA LISA Pathfinder mission, ST7, a technology demonstration mission to prepare for the Laser Interferometry Space

RF Ion Thrusters
Extremely compact and versatile systems for spacecraft classes from small satellites to nanosatellites, featuring high performance and unprecedented efficiency at its size.
| System Power | 56-80 W |
| Thrust | Up to 1.25 mN |
| Specific Impulse | Up to 2300s |
| Delta-V | Up to 2.5 km/s (14 kg CubeSat) |

SUB-KILOWATT HALL THRUSTERS
Sized perfectly for small satellites and CubeSats, these scalable solutions offer high performance for various applications.

TacSat-2
The TacSat-2 satellite, launched in 2006, featured Busek's 200W Hall Thruster, marking the first US-designed and US-built Hall thruster in space for primary propulsion.
CU Aerospace
United States · 5 productsSmall satellite propulsion systems developer specializing in electric and chemical thrusters for CubeSats and small spacecraft.

CHIPS — CubeSat High Impulse Propulsion System
Miniaturized warm-gas resistojet propulsion system for CubeSats with integrated main thruster and 3-axis ACS.
| Thruster type | Warm-gas resistojet (superheater) |
| Specific impulse (Isp) | 40–50% higher than cold-gas Isp |
| Total impulse (CHIPS-180) | 180 N-s |
| Package size (without ACS) | As small as 0.3U |
| Package size (with ACS) | As small as 0.6U |

Filament pulsed plasma thruster (FPPT)
Fiber-Fed Pulsed Plasma Thruster (FPPT) provides high specific and total impulse for small satellites, available in various form factors.
| Minimum specific impulse | 3,500 s |
| Thrust vectoring | ±5 degrees |
| Volume range | 0.7 to 53 liters |
| Total impulse range | 1,000 to 600,000 N-s |
| Package size for >25,000 N-s total impulse | 1.7 liters |

FPPT — Fiber-Fed Pulsed Plasma Thruster
CU Aerospace’s Fiber-Fed Pulsed Plasma Thruster (FPPT) provides very high specific impulse greater than 3,500 seconds via a 10-microsecond electromagnetic pulse discharge usi
| Thruster type | Pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) with electromagnetic thrust vectoring |
| Specific impulse (Isp) | >3,500 s |
| Total impulse (1.7L package) | >25,000 N-s |
| Total impulse range | 1,000–600,000 N-s (0.7L–53L) |
| Package size range | 0.7 L to 53 L (1U to ESPA-class) |
FPPT Fiber-Fed Pulsed Plasma Thruster
High-Isp electric propulsion ablating spooled PTFE fiber via short pulses — >3,500s Isp, no pressurized tank, scales 0.7L-53L, for orbit maneuvers and debris removal.
| Pulse duration | 10 microseconds |
| Specific impulse | >3,500 s |
| Thrust vectoring range | ±5° (pitch/yaw) |
| Total impulse (1.7L package) | >25,000 N-s |
| Size range | 0.7L to 53L |

Monofilament Vaporization Propulsion (MVP)
The Monofilament Vaporization Propulsion (MVP) system uses 3D printer technology to provide continuous electrothermal thrust with Delrin fiber propellant.
| Specific Impulse | 66 s |
| Volume | 0.93-liter |
| Total Impulse | 265 N-s |
DeltaX Propulsion
United States · 2 productsDeveloper of electrospray thrusters using nanomaterials science for efficient electric propulsion of small satellites and spacecraft.

DeltaX Electrospray Thruster
High-efficiency electrospray thruster with 3,000 s Isp and 50% mass reduction via aerogel-integrated propellant.
| Thruster type | Electrospray (electric propulsion) |
| Specific impulse (Isp) | ~3,000 s (2–3x chemical thrusters) |
| Mass reduction | 50% vs. comparable thrusters via aerogel-integrated propellant |
| Scalability | Modular design from CubeSats to GEO-class spacecraft |

DXP Electrospray Thruster
Carbon-aerogel electrospray thruster with Isp ~3,000 s for CubeSats and small satellites.
| Specific impulse (Isp) | ~3,000 s |
| Propellant | Ionic liquid |
| Emitter material | Carbon aerogel nanocomposite |
| Target platform | 1U–12U CubeSat |
| Thrust mode | Electrospray / field emission |
ENPULSION GmbH
Austria · 2016 · 6 productsAustrian manufacturer of Field Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP) systems for nano- and microsatellites, with over 200 propulsion units delivered to orbit.

Cluster of IFM Nano Thruster for Smallsats
The IFM Nano thruster was developed as spin-off from a thruster being developed for high precision control of ESA’s Next Generation of satellite Gravity Missions. Building on more…
| Manufacturer | ENPULSION |
| Lead time | 12 weeks |

ENPULSION NANO Thruster (IFM Nano Thruster)
Self-contained indium FEEP electric propulsion system for CubeSats — up to 0.35 mN thrust, 2,000–6,000 s Isp, 680 g dry mass, >5,000 N·s total impulse.
| Thrust range | 0.01–0.35 mN |
| Specific impulse | 2,000–6,000 s |
| Input power | 8–40 W (3.5 W hot standby) |
| Dry mass | 680 g |
| Wet mass | 900 g |

Micro R³
The Micro R³ is a scaled version of Enpulsion's flight-proven thruster design, making it an ideal propulsion system for small and medium-sized spacecraft.
| Dynamic Thrust Range | 0.5 - 1 mN |
| Nominal Thrust | 110 W incl. neutralizer |
| Specific Impulse | 2,700s at 1 mN |
| Propellant Mass | 1.25 kg |
| Total Impulse | 26 kNs at 1 mN |

Nano R³
An evolved, flight-proven system that enhances protection and reliability, the Nano R³ delivers dynamic ISP ideal for nanosatellites and CubeSat missions.

Nexus
The Nexus propulsion system is designed for spacecraft ranging from 150-500kg, offering high power propulsion with unrivaled impulse density.

Scalable Propulsion Portfolio
Enpulsion offers a scalable electric propulsion portfolio featuring modular, plug-and-play FEEP-based units designed to streamline integration and accelerate mission timelines for
EREMS
France · 1979 · 1 productEREMS is a French SME founded in 1979, specializing in the design and realization of electronic equipment and software for high technology fields including Space.

PPSU Plasma Propulsion Selection Unit
Switching unit routing electrical power between electric propulsion power supplies and thrusters — routes signals from two PPUs to a single thruster.
| Function | Switches thruster/cathode signals from 2 PPUs to a single thruster |
ExoTerra Resource
United States · 2011 · 1 productUS developer of miniaturized Hall effect thrusters and propellant distribution systems for high-impulse, affordable microsatellite and CubeSat propulsion.

Iris Propulsion Module / Propulsion Kit
ExoTerra offers the Iris Propulsion Module, a bolt-on solar electric propulsion system for small spacecraft, and a Propulsion Kit consisting of a Hall-effect thruster, Power Proces
| Radiation tolerance (Iris) | 30 kRad TID |
| Propellant options (Iris) | Xenon or Krypton |
| Mounting (Iris) | Inside a standard 24” Lightband |
| Height (Iris) | Less than 30 cm |
| Operational power (Iris) | Low sub-kilowatt levels |
Exotrail
France · 2017 · 3 productsFrench electric propulsion company; ExoMG™ Hall thrusters for satellite orbit raising, station-keeping, and deorbit; SpaceCloud OTV and SpaceOps software.

ExoMG Hall Effect Thruster
ExoMG is Exotrail’s Hall effect electric thruster designed for small satellites from 20 kg to 500 kg class. Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to ionize xenon propell

SpaceVan Electric Propulsion Transfer System
Exotrail's SpaceVan — an in-space propulsion transfer vehicle combining Hall-effect thrusters for delivering satellite payloads from rideshare drops to their operational orbits.
| Propulsion type | Hall-effect (xenon) electric propulsion |
| Thruster family | ExoMG (1–15 mN thrust, 1,000–1,800 s Isp) |
| Power range | <300 W |
| Function | Last-mile orbit delivery (rideshare → operational orbit) |
| Transfer time | Weeks to months (vs. hours for chemical) |

spaceware™ Hall Effect Thruster
spaceware™ is a next-generation Hall Effect thruster designed for versatility and power, featuring a modular architecture for easy integration into diverse satellite platforms and
| Thrust | 2.5 mN |
| Power | 60 W |
| Total impulse | Up to 6 kN.s |
| On/off cycles | 3,000 cycles |
| Design life | 5 years In-Orbit |
Hongqing Technology (鸿擎科技)
China · 2021 · 2 productsBeijing satellite constellation company partnered with Blue Arrow Aerospace; develops communications, remote sensing, and science satellites plus in-house Jinwu propulsion, Chiyu power, and Baize electronics subsystems.

Jinwu Electric Propulsion System
The Jinwu Electric Propulsion System is Hongqing Technology next-generation argon-fueled electric propulsion platform, developed entirely in-house for commercial LEO satellite appl
| Propellant | Argon (Ar) |
| In-orbit ignition cycles | 4,089 (verified as of June 8, 2026) |
| Ignition success rate | 100% |
| Cumulative orbital maneuver altitude | 1,434 km |
| Supply module - pressure regulation ratio | >300:1 |

Next-Generation Argon Propellant Electric Propulsion System
Hongqing Technology's next-generation electric propulsion system utilizes argon propellant, designed for low-cost and high-reliability satellite operations through iterative innova
Howe Industries
United States · 2018 · 2 productsHowe Industries is a Scottsdale, Arizona propulsion startup developing advanced space technologies including ThermaSat water-propellant electrothermal CubeSat thrusters, nuclear pulsed plasma rockets, and orbital robotics, backed by NASA NI

Pulsed Plasma Rocket (PPR)
NASA NIAC-funded nuclear pulsed-plasma propulsion concept aiming to cut crewed Mars transit time to about two months — 100,000 N thrust, 5,000 s specific impulse, 282 MW power.
| Thrust | 100,000 N (100 kN) |
| Specific impulse | 5,000 s |
| Reactor power | 282 MW |
| Spacecraft total mass | 80,000 kg |
| Payload capacity | 18,500 kg |

SEPTIR
Radioisotope-powered electric thruster delivering 3,048 s specific impulse at only 3 W power draw, targeting small satellite and deep space platforms that require long-duration, ne
| Specific impulse | 3,048 s |
| Power draw | 3 W |
| Thrust | 0.295 mN |
| System mass | 10 kg |
| Propulsion type | Electric (radioisotope-powered ion) |
Hypernova Space Technologies
South Africa · 2018 · 1 productSouth Africa-based space hardware company developing the Lumen thermal vacuum testing system and providing TVAC test services for the aerospace industry.
Vacuum Arc Thruster (VAT) Electric Propulsion System
Solid-metal-propellant vacuum arc electric thruster in 0.5U CubeSat form factor — no xenon, no pressurization, aluminium or steel propellant, in-orbit validated January 2023 on End
| Thruster type | Vacuum Arc Thruster (VAT) — plasma electric propulsion |
| Form factor | 0.5U CubeSat-compatible |
| Propellant material | Solid metal (aluminium or steel) |
| Propellant state | Solid (no pressurization required) |
| Propellant safety | Non-toxic, non-hazardous for launch |
ION-X
France · 2021 · 1 productFrench startup developing ionic liquid electrospray thrusters for CubeSat and small satellite on-orbit propulsion; founded 2021.
Ion Propulsion Components and Test Equipment
ION-X's ion propulsion system components — grid ion thruster grids, discharge chambers, neutralizers, and test equipment for electric propulsion development programs.
| Products | Thruster grids, discharge chambers, hollow cathode neutralizers, flow controllers |
| Grid materials | Carbon-carbon composite, pyrolytic graphite, molybdenum |
| Test equipment | Thrust stands, ion beam probes, plume diagnostics for vacuum testing |
| Applications | GIE (gridded ion engine) and HET (Hall effect thruster) supply |
| Customers | NASA, ESA, university propulsion labs, NewSpace propulsion developers |
Kreios Space
Spain · 2024 · 1 productSpanish space technology startup developing satellite constellation infrastructure and communications solutions.

Air-Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) Thruster
Electric thruster ingesting residual atmospheric particles at Very Low Earth Orbit and converting them to plasma for continuous thrust — no onboard propellant tank required.
| Satellite platform lifetime | >7 years |
| Operating altitude | Can extend below 200 km |
| Propellant | None required — ingests atmospheric gas |
| Development generations | K-1 (2021), K-2 (2023), K-3 (2024) |
Lanzo Batteries
1 productLanzo Batteries designs and manufactures lithium-ion battery packs for space energy storage, serving large satellites, small satellites, and CubeSats.

AEPS Advanced Electric Propulsion System — Hall-Effect Ion Thruster for NASA Gateway
L3Harris Technologies is a US defense technology company providing space systems, communication electronics, and space propulsion. L3Harris (formed by the 2019 merger of L3 Technol
Magdrive
United Kingdom · 2019 · 2 productsBritish in-space propulsion company developing compact, high-thrust electric plasma thrusters using solid metal propellant for satellites and spacecraft.

Rogue
The Magdrive Rogue is an integrated electric propulsion system for 2U CubeSats, utilizing a metal propellant and pulsed power to generate high thrust.
| Integrated system fits inside | single 2U cubesat |
| Dry mass (including propellant, onboard processor, energy storage, and plasma injector) | 2.5 kg |
| Pulsed power system (pps) delivers | multi-kA, MW class electrical current pulse |
| Directional thrust vectoring | up to 10˚ |
| Power | 2 – 100 W |

Warlock
The Magdrive Warlock is a compact electric propulsion system for CubeSats, utilizing a metal propellant and pulsed power to generate high thrust.
| Integrated system size | 2U cubesat |
| Dry mass (including propellant, onboard processor, energy storage, and plasma injector) | 2.5 kg |
| Thrust vectoring | up to 10˚ |
| Power | 2 – 100 W |
| Thrust | 0.1 – 10 N |
Miles Space / RocketStar
United States · 2014 · 2 productsRocketStar is a U.S. aerospace technology company developing reusable aerospike rocket engines, water-fueled and fusion-enhanced electric propulsion for spacecraft, and a suite of digital signal processing (DSP) software for secure communic

FireStar Foundation Drive
Water-fueled pulsed plasma electric thruster in a 1U form factor for smallsat orbit raising, phasing, de-orbit and attitude control.
| Propellant | H2O (filled as liquid; liquid or solid during storage/use) |
| Envelope | 95 x 95 x 95 mm (1U with 5 mm margin) |
| Wet mass | 980 grams |
| Propellant load | 250 grams of liquid, pure water |
| System power | 6 Watts (typical, all thrusters active) |

FireStar Fusion Drive
Fusion-enhanced evolution of the FireStar water-fueled pulsed plasma thruster, delivering roughly 50% more thrust via aneutronic boron fusion.
| Base thruster | FireStar Foundation Drive (water-fueled pulsed plasma) |
| Fusion fuel additive | Boron (aneutronic fusion in exhaust) |
| Thrust improvement | ~50% higher than FireStar Foundation Drive |
| Development origin | AFWERX SBIR |
| Planned flight demo | Rogue Space Systems Barry-2 spacecraft, in-space testing |
Morpheus Space
Germany · 2018 · 2 productsElectric propulsion systems for satellite mobility, deployment, and deorbiting.

GO-2 Electric Propulsion System
Modular ~1U FEEP electric propulsion unit with 40 individually controlled thrusters and solid metallic propellant, for spacecraft from 6U upwards.
| Total thrust range | 5 microN - 400 microN |
| Optimal total impulse range | 12.4 kNs - 6.2 kNs |
| Power | 7 W - 40 W |
| Footprint | 113 x 98 mm |
| Dimensions | Approximately 1U modular unit |

nμpro Electrospray Thruster
Morpheus Space's nμpro electrospray ion thruster — a miniaturized 'printed' propulsion unit for nanosatellites enabling formation flying and precise constellation orbit management.
| Thruster type | Electrospray (ionic liquid) |
| Thrust range | 1–100 μN per emitter array |
| Specific impulse | 1,500–3,000 s |
| Manufacturing | Additive manufacturing (3D printing) — scalable production |
| Applications | Formation flying, constellation altitude maintenance, attitude control |
MT Aerospace
Germany · 1995 · 1 productGerman aerospace components manufacturer producing satellite tanks, CFRP structures, and antenna dishes for European satellite programs.

60l S-XTA Xenon (Xe)
The 60l S-XTA Xenon (Xe) is a high-pressure vessel designed for storing Xenon, suitable for electric propulsion applications.
| Capacity | 60l |
| Propellant | Xenon (Xe) |
| Type | High Pressure Vessel (HPV) |
Neumann Space
Australia · 2 productsAustralian deep-tech company developing high-performance electric propulsion systems that use solid metal propellant (magnesium) for satellites, enabling cost-effective in-orbit maneuverability.

ND-25TC Neumann Drive — Low-Power Nanosatellite Thruster
Neumann Space's ND-25TC is a 14 W, 1.9 kg solid-metal-propellant pulsed cathodic arc thruster for nanosatellites: 880+ Ns total impulse, 1,800–2,000 s Isp, sharing the same propell
| Thruster type | Centre-Triggered Pulsed Cathodic Arc Thruster (CT-PCAT) |
| Max input power | ~14 W |
| Total wet mass | ~1.9 kg |
| Total impulse | ≥880 Ns |
| Max pulse frequency | ~83 mHz |

ND-50 Neumann Drive — Pulsed Cathodic Arc Thruster
Neumann Space's ND-50 is a solid-metal-propellant pulsed cathodic arc thruster: 50 W max power, 1,400–2,000 s Isp, 1.4 kg total mass, 100 × 96 × 96 mm, TRL 8–9 with flight heritage
| Thruster type | Centre-Triggered Pulsed Cathodic Arc Thruster (CT-PCAT) |
| Max input power | 50 W |
| Specific impulse (Isp) | 1,400–2,000 s (operational); up to ~14,690 s (laboratory, magnesium) |
| Thrust efficiency | ~20 µN/W |
| Estimated peak thrust | ~1 mN at 50 W |
OHB Sweden AB
Sweden · 2 productsOHB Sweden builds small satellites, AOCS and propulsion systems. It is a provider of complete space missions, satellites, and spacecraft subsystems.

Electric Propulsion System
OHB Sweden AB offers Electric Propulsion Systems covering various technologies like FEEP, Grid, RF, and SPT, designed with flight heritage and tailored for mission needs.

EPSylon
EPSylon is an Electric Propulsion system for small satellites in a wide power and thrust range, serving both the institutional and commercial market.
| Propellant | Xe |
| Power | 250 W to 400 W per String |
| Supply voltage | 28 V or 70 V |
| Thrust | 8 mN to 18 mN |
| Specific impulse | 950 s to 1390 s (Xe) |
OhmSpace
Italy · 2020 · 3 productsItalian electric propulsion startup developing water-propelled resistojet thruster systems for nanosatellites and microsatellites, offering a safe, low-cost, and high-performance propulsion solution.

STAR-Water-micro — Water Resistojet for Microsatellites
High-thrust water resistojet propulsion for microsatellites in LEO mega-constellations — 75–150 mN thrust and 240 s Isp for collision avoidance, de-orbiting, and inclination change
| Technology | High-temperature water resistojet |
| Target ISP | 240 s |
| Propellant | Water (deionized/demineralized) |
| Power | Up to 500 W |
| Thrust range | 75–150 mN |

STAR-Water-nano — Water Resistojet for Nanosatellites
Plug-and-play water resistojet propulsion system for nanosatellites — achieves >200 s Isp in a 2U-compatible form factor. Developed under ESA GSTP contract; first launch Q2 2026
| Technology | High-temperature water resistojet (2,400 K) |
| Target ISP | > 200 s |
| Propellant | Water |
| Form factor | From 2U |
| Propellant mass | From 250 g |

STAR-X — Xenon Resistojet for GEO Reaction Control
High-Isp xenon (or krypton) resistojet for geostationary satellite Reaction Control Systems, designed as a non-toxic replacement for hydrazine attitude control thrusters.
| Technology | High-temperature xenon/krypton resistojet |
| Target ISP | 80–100 s |
| Propellant | Xenon (Krypton as alternative) |
| Thrust range | 1–2 N |
| Target platform | Geostationary satellites |
Orbion Space Technology
United States · 1 productUS electric propulsion company developing Hall-effect thruster systems for commercial small satellites, enabling efficient in-orbit maneuverability for LEO constellations and beyond.

Aurora Hall-effect Propulsion System
Fully integrated, flight-proven Hall-effect propulsion system for demanding LEO/MEO/GEO/xGEO missions — radiation-hardened, magnetically shielded, continuously throttleable from 10
| Technology | Hall-effect thruster (HET), magnetically shielded |
| Power range | 100 – 300 W (continuously throttleable) |
| Thrust-to-power | > 60 mN/kW |
| Specific impulse (Xe) | 1,400 s |
| Propellant | Xenon or Krypton |
Orbital Arc
1 productOrbital Arc designs and manufactures high power density ion propulsion systems, including the RIOT Drive technology, to enable cost-efficient and scalable space travel.

Orbital Arc Thruster and PPU
An ultra-low-mass electric propulsion thruster and power processing unit (PPU) combo for a 2 kW system, offering very high power density to save launch mass.
| Expected dry mass (thruster + PPU combined) | < 600 g |
| System power | 2 kW |
| Power density | 3,250 W/kg |
Pale Blue
2020 · 4 productsPale Blue develops and manufactures propulsion systems for small satellites, serving satellite integrators and operators worldwide.

PBH-100 Hall Effect Thruster
Water-fed Hall effect thruster system for MicroSats, featuring proprietary Japanese microwave cathode technology for instant startup.
| Power | 110 - 180 W |
| Thrust | 5 - 8 mN |
| Total impulse | > 50,000 Ns |
| Wet mass | < 10 kg |
| Envelope | 300 × 300 × 150 mm |

PBI Water Ion Thruster
Miniaturized gridded ion thruster using water propellant, offering unprecedented total impulse in a 1U+ form factor for NanoSats and MicroSats.
| Power | < 60 W |
| Thrust | > 0.35 mN |
| Total impulse | > 7,000 Ns |
| Wet mass | < 1.6 kg |
| Envelope | 1U+ |

PBR-30
The Pale Blue PBR-30 is a flight-proven resistojet propulsion system, offering up to 12 mN of thrust in a compact 2U form factor, designed for non-hazardous launch.
| Power | 10 - 35 W |
| Thrust | 3 - 12 mN |
| Total impulse | > 400 Ns |
| Wet mass | < 2.1 kg |
| Envelope | 2U |

Water Hall-effect Thruster
High-power water Hall-effect thruster system for SmallSats up to 700 kg, delivering 10 mN thrust at 600 W and 180,000 Ns total impulse.
| Power | 600 W |
| Thrust | 10 mN |
| Total impulse | 180,000 Ns |
| Wet mass | < 45 kg |
| Envelope | 350 × 350 × 600 mm |
Phase Four
United States · 2015 · 2 productsUS electric propulsion startup developing RF-powered Maxwell plasma thrusters for small satellite propulsion using xenon or krypton propellant.

Maxwell Block 3 RF Plasma Thruster
Turn-key RF electrodeless plasma propulsion system for 20–500 kg satellites — 5.9 kg dry, 8–18 mN thrust, 600–1,300 s Isp, supports Xe/Kr/ASCENT/Hydrazine, from $250,000.
| Dry mass | 5.9 kg |
| Total mass (with 1 kg Xe tank) | 8.4 kg |
| Dimensions | 19 × 13.5 × 19 cm |
| Operating power | 300–500 W |
| Supply voltage | 22–34 V |
Maxwell RF Ion Thruster
Phase Four's Maxwell thruster — an RF-powered ion propulsion system for smallsats and CubeSats using inert xenon or krypton propellant, with no hollow cathode neutralizer.
| Propellant | Xenon or Krypton (inert gas) |
| Thrust range | 1–10 mN |
| Specific impulse | 700–1,500 s |
| Power range | 20–200 W |
| Key innovation | RF-powered plasma — no hollow cathode neutralizer (major life-limiter removed) |
Pulsar Fusion
United Kingdom · 2011 · 1 productPulsar Fusion designs and manufactures electric and hybrid rocket propulsion systems, and is developing fusion propulsion technology for space applications.

MoonRanger — 5 kW Hall-Effect Thruster
The MoonRanger (PF-MOONRANGER) is Pulsar Fusion’s 5–7 kW Hall-effect thruster targeting GEO-class missions, cislunar transfer, and high-power constellation applications. At t
| Power | 5–7 kW |
| Thrust target at 5 kw | >280 mN |
| Thrust target at 7 kw | >350 mN |
| ISP target at 5 kw | ~1,800 s |
| ISP target at 7 kw | ~2,050 s |
QinetiQ Space
United Kingdom · 2001 · 2 productsBritish defence technology company delivering mission-critical space capabilities — domain awareness, secure communications, PNT, electric propulsion, and test & evaluation — with over half a century of heritage from the Royal Aircraft Esta

T5 Ion Thruster
10 cm gridded Kaufman ion thruster for small satellite electric propulsion — flight-proven on ESA's GOCE satellite with 36,000+ hours accumulated.
| Grid diameter | 10 cm |
| Max thrust | ~25 mN |
| Propellant | Xenon |
| Type | Gridded Kaufman ion thruster |
| Flight heritage | ESA GOCE (2009–2013) |

T6 Ion Thruster
22 cm gridded Kaufman ion thruster — 4.5 kW, 250 mN thrust — flight-proven on ESA's BepiColombo mission to Mercury.
| Grid diameter | 22 cm |
| Input power | 4.5 kW |
| Thrust (max) | 250 mN |
| Exhaust velocity | 50,000 m/s |
| Propellant | Xenon |
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division
Israel · 5 productsIsraeli defence company Rafael's space division; EO satellite payloads, ADCS, propulsion, and communications systems for Israel's national defence satellite and intelligence programmes.
IHET-300 Hall Effect Thruster
The IHET-300 (Israeli Hall Effect Thruster) is the flight-proven core of Rafael’s first-generation Electric Propulsion System. It operates on Xenon propellant, which is ioniz

R-200 Electric Propulsion System (EPS)
The R-200 EPS (Electric Propulsion System) is a complete, turnkey electric propulsion solution built around Rafael’s qualified R-200 Hall Effect Thruster. The system integrat
R-200 Hall Effect Thruster
The R-200 is a low-power Hall Effect Thruster designed to operate in the 100–300W discharge power range, suitable for low to medium mass satellite platforms under 500 kg. It produc

R-800 Electric Propulsion System (EPS)
The R-800 EPS is Rafael’s second-generation Electric Propulsion System following the flight-proven R-400 EPS (Venµs satellite). It operates in the 450–900W power range and co

R-800 Hall Effect Thruster
The R-800 is a Hall Effect Thruster designed for the 450–900W discharge power range, suitable for low to medium mass satellite platforms up to 1,000 kg. It produces thrust levels o
SITAEL S.p.A.
Italy · 1994 · 2 productsItaly's largest privately-owned aerospace company, part of the Angel Group, delivering turn-key smart microsatellite platforms, Hall Effect electric propulsion, and space-qualified electronics.

Electric Propulsion
SITAEL's proprietary Electric Propulsion product line, spanning Hall Effect Thrusters, Magneto Plasma Dynamic thrusters, cathodes, and dedicated power units, supported by in-house
| Hall effect thruster power range | ~100 W up to tens of kW |
| Hall effect thruster flight heritage | ESA SMART-1 (space exploration mission) |
| Mpd thruster power range | a few hundred kW up to multi-MW level |
| Mpd thruster experience | Over 30 years of manufacturing and testing |
| Low power PPU | 300 W PPU, coupled with HT 100 / HT 400 thrusters |
Hall Effect Thrusters (HT-100/HT-400/HT-5k)
Proprietary Hall Effect Thruster line from ~100W to tens of kW for GEO telecom, LEO, and deep-space missions, with flight heritage including ESA SMART-1.
| Power range | ~100 W up to tens of kW |
| Ht-100/ht-400 PPU | 300 W Power Processing Unit |
| Ht-5k PPU | 5 kW Power Processing Unit |
| Flight heritage | ESA SMART-1 lunar mission and other programmes |
| Applications | GEO station-keeping, LEO orbit-raising/de-orbiting, deep space |
Solid State Propulsion
South Africa · 1 productSouth African electric Vacuum Arc Thruster company; pulsed plasma thrusters using solid metal fuel for nanosatellite orbit raising, formation flying, and controlled deorbit.

Pocket Rocket Vacuum Arc Thruster
Fully solid-state, unpressurised vacuum arc thruster in a 45x45x25 mm package: 200 uN maximum thrust, 700 s Isp, 85 g wet mass, 8 Ns total impulse.
| Maximum thrust | 200 uN |
| Specific impulse | 700 s |
| Input power | 0.5 - 20 W |
| Thrust to power ratio | 10 uN/W |
| Pulse repetition rate | 0.1 - 10 Hz |
Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS)
Ukraine · 2016 · 6 productsUkrainian (Dnipro) manufacturer of Hall-effect electric propulsion systems for satellites: thrusters, power processing units, and xenon feed systems, with flight heritage since 2023.

SPS-100 Propulsion System
The SPS-100 is an electric propulsion system designed for medium and large satellites, providing power from 1000 W to 1750 W for orbit maintenance, orbital maneuvers, and deep spac
| Total power consumption | Up to 1750 W |
| Thrust | Up to 95 mN (0.095 N) |
| Dry mass (without tank) | Up to 20 kg |
| Total impulse | Up to 3 MN*s (one thruster configuration) |
| Propellant | Xenon, Krypton |

SPS-40 Propulsion System
The SPS-40 is a high-efficiency electric propulsion system for a wide range of space missions, offering precise orbit control and high total impulse with minimal propellant consump
| Total power consumption | 300-600 W |
| Thrust | Up to 31 mN (0.031 N) |
| Dry mass (without tank) | Up to 9 kg |
| Total impulse | Up to 300 kN*s (one thruster configuration) |
| Propellant | Xenon, Krypton |

ST-100 Hall Thruster
The ST-100 is a 1.5 kW Hall-Effect Thruster developed by SETS for a wide range of spacecraft applications, offering high parameters, reliability, and a long lifetime.
| Consumption power | 800-1500 W |
| Thrust | 50-95 mN (0.05-0.095 N), depends on input power |
| Specific impulse | 1400-1900 s |
| Efficiency | Up to 56% |
| Propellant | Xenon, Krypton |

ST-25 Hall Thruster
The ST-25 is a compact Hall-effect thruster designed for small satellite missions, offering efficient, low-thrust propulsion with high specific impulse.
| Consumption power | 100-250 W |
| Thrust | 5-15 mN (0.005-0.015 N) |
| Specific impulse | 950-1500 s |
| Efficiency | Up to 40% |
| Propellant | Xenon, Krypton |

ST-40 Hall Thruster
The ST-40 Hall Thruster is a low-cost, multi-propellant electric propulsion solution designed for LEO-GEO satellites and constellation missions, offering flexibility in thrust and
| Consumption power | 250-600 W |
| Thrust | 13-36 mN (0.013-0.036 N) |
| Specific impulse | 1000-1750 s |
| Efficiency | Up to 46% |
| Propellant | Xenon, Krypton |

XFS (Xenon Feed System)
The Xenon Feed System (XFS) is designed to work with Electric Propulsion Systems and Hall-effect thrusters, managing xenon gas pressure and mass flow rates.
| Inlet pressure | Up to 180 bar |
| Nominal flow rate (anode) | Up to 3 mg/s |
| Nominal flow rate (cathode) | Up to 0.5 mg/s |
| Dimensions | 145 x 127 x 115 mm |
| Propellant | Xenon, Krypton |
SteamJet Space
United Kingdom · 2017 · 1 productFlight-proven water-based electrothermal propulsion systems for CubeSats and small satellites.

TunaTank Thruster
Semi-external, water-based electrothermal thruster with customizable internal fuel tanks, delivering up to 50x more thrust than traditional electric propulsion for 3U-16U small sat
| Wet mass | ~0.9 kg |
| Specific impulse | 172 s |
| Thrust | 5-20 mN |
| Total impulse | Up to 600 Ns |
| Peak power | <20 W |
T4i - Technology for Propulsion and Innovation
Italy · 2014 · 1 productCold gas, monopropellant, and electric (iodine) propulsion systems for small satellites, deployers, and orbital transfer vehicles.

REGULUS Electric Propulsion
Iodine-fed electric propulsion system family for small satellites, deployers, and OTVs, from 50 W to 150 W.
| Propellant | Iodine (I2) |
| Configurations | REGULUS-50-I2 (Small/Medium/Large), REGULUS-150-I2 |
| Total impulse | 3000 Ns (50-I2 Small) / 7000 Ns (50-I2 Medium) / 11000 Ns (50-I2 Large) / 11000 Ns (150-I2 |
| Thrust | 0.25-0.65 mN (0.55 mN @ 50 W) for REGULUS-50-I2; 0.55-2.00 mN (2.00 mN @ 150 W) for REGULU |
| Specific impulse | 650 s (550 s @ 50 W) for REGULUS-50-I2; 550-800 s (800 s @ 150 W) for REGULUS-150-I2 |
ThrustMe
France · 2017 · 3 productsThrustMe designs and manufactures turnkey iodine-fuelled electric propulsion systems for satellite constellations, with products tested in space and delivered to clients worldwide.

NPT30-I2
The NPT30-I2 is an iodine electric space propulsion system designed to be true turnkey, safe, and standalone, enabling an optimal tradeoff between time and cost for satellite missi

NPT30-I2 Iodine Ion Thruster for CubeSats and SmallSats
ThrustMe is a French electric propulsion startup founded in 2017 as a spin-off from Ecole Polytechnique and LPP (Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas), developing miniaturized iodin
ThrustMe In-Space Propulsion Solutions
ThrustMe provides advanced in-space propulsion solutions, including iodine-fueled electric propulsion systems, designed for satellite constellations and orbital maneuvering.
| Flight heritage | World’s first in-orbit demonstration of iodine-fuelled electric propulsion systems in 2019 |
URA Thrusters
United Kingdom · 2019 · 1 productUK electric propulsion company; Hall-effect thrusters using water vapour or gaseous oxygen; electrolysis propulsion and microwave electrothermal thrusters; green propellant alternatives.

URA HET (Hall-effect Thruster) – WETHET / AquaHET
Family of Hall-effect thrusters operating on gaseous oxygen (WETHET) or water vapour (AquaHET), offering high specific impulse with a fully European supply chain.
| Model | WETHET-2000 |
| Thrust | 48 mN |
| Specific impulse (Isp) | 3000 s |
| Power | 2000 W |
| Propellant | O2/H2 (water/oxygen electrolysis) |
VACCO Industries
United States · 1954 · 1 productUS manufacturer of precision fluid control components and integrated propulsion systems for spacecraft, with 70+ years of heritage. Products include micro propulsion systems, valves, pressure regulators, and CubeSat propulsion modules.

VACCO CubeSat Propulsion and ChEMS Flow Control Modules
Patented ChEMS titanium micro-manifold modules integrating valves, filters, sensors and thrusters into compact CubeSat/SmallSat propulsion feed systems.
| Technology | ChEMS — Chemically Etched Micro Systems (patent #6,334,301), titanium micro-manifolds |
| Filtration range | 2 to 100 microns absolute |
| Sensor range | 20 to 3,000 psia |
| Integrated elements | Valves (NC, latch, proportional), filters, sensors, cold/warm-gas thrusters, heaters, elec |
| Flight heritage | JPL MarCO (first CubeSats to Mars), NEA Scout, CuSP, AFRL PUC |
Viridian Space
United States · 2021 · 2 productsVLEO air-scooping electric thruster (ASET) company; harvests atmospheric propellant for refuelable satellite platforms enabling sustainable very-low-Earth-orbit operations.
Air-Scooping Electric Thruster (ASET) — Air-Breathing VLEO Propulsion
The Air-Scooping Electric Thruster (ASET) is Viridian Space Corporation’s patent-pending flagship propulsion technology that enables satellites to operate indefinitely in Ver
| Operating altitude (VLEO) | 150–300 km |
| Air-scoop type | Turbomolecular Active air-SCoop (TASC) |
| Atmospheric propellant | Atomic oxygen (>180 km), molecular nitrogen (lower altitudes) |
| Compression ratio | 3,000–40,000 (altitude-dependent) |
| Collection efficiency | ≥80% |

ASET Air-Scooping Electric Thruster
Air-breathing electric propulsion system that harvests residual upper-atmosphere gas in Very Low Earth Orbit and converts it into thruster propellant, enabling refuelable, indefini
| Propulsion type | Air-breathing electric thruster (ABEP) |
| Propellant source | Atmospheric gas collected in-orbit (no onboard propellant tank required) |
| Target orbit regime | Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) |
| Key applications | Earth observation, broadband communications, in-orbit servicing/assembly/manufacturing (IS |
Voyager Technologies
United States · 2019 · 1 productDiversified space and defense technology company building Starlab, a commercial ISS-successor space station, alongside national-security space and defense electronics systems.

Halo12 Kit
The Halo12 Kit is a complete electric propulsion package built around the Halo12 Hall-effect thruster, integrating the thruster, power processing unit, and support hardware into a
| Thruster type | Hall-effect (Halo12) |
| Kit contents | Thruster + power processing unit + support hardware |
XIROI
Spain · 2021 · 1 productXIROI develops advanced electrospray electric propulsion systems for small satellites and CubeSats.

Plugim Electrospray Thruster
Self-neutralizing electrospray propulsion module for CubeSats, targeting over 2000 Ns total impulse and over 800 s Isp under 10 W.
| Figures are | Vendor-stated performance requirements (design targets), not measured results |
| Total impulse | > 2000 Ns |
| Delta-v (3U) | > 500 m/s |
| Specific impulse | > 800 s |
| Thrust | > 0.35 mN |
Yuzhnoye Design Bureau
Ukraine · 1954 · 2 productsYuzhnoye State Design Office (KB Pivdenne) is Ukraine's premier rocket and space engineering organization, providing full-cycle development of launch vehicles, spacecraft, and propulsion systems. Founded in 1954 and headquartered in Dnipro,

Ablation Jet Engine
The Ablation Jet Engine developed by Yuzhnoye SDO is a pulsed plasma thruster-type propulsion system intended for changing and maintaining nanosatellite relative orbital position d
| Working medium | Fluoroplastic (PTFE) |
| Thrust | 0.1 mN |
| Specific impulse | 20,000 m/s |
| Total impulse | 200 N*s |
| Maximum power | 20 W |

Ammonia Jet Propulsion System (APS)
The Ammonia Jet Propulsion System (APS) developed by Yuzhnoye SDO is designed for correction of spacecraft injection errors in orbital period and maintenance of orbital period thro
| Propellant | Ammonia |
| Number of engines | 2 |
| Engine thrust | 0.049 N |
| Total thrust impulse (hot mode) | 7,000 N*s |
| Total thrust impulse (cold mode) | 2,500 N*s |
Directory
Manufacturers in this sector
Accion Systems
US startup developing TILE electrospray propulsion chips for nanosatellites — ultra-compact, modular electric propulsion scaled from CubeSats to larger platforms.
Aerojet Rocketdyne (L3Harris)
Major US propulsion company (now part of L3Harris); RL10, RS-25/SLS engines, satellite thrusters, and solid rocket motors; 75+ years heritage powering US launch vehicles.
Airbus Defence and Space
Airbus Defence and Space designs and manufactures satellites, spacecraft equipment, and provides related services for telecommunications, navigation, Earth observation, and space exploration
aliena
Aliena develops and manufactures Hall thruster systems for small satellites, providing integrated propulsion solutions for various satellite classes from nanosatellites to medium satellites.
Apollo Fusion (Astra)
Apollo Fusion (Astra) designs and manufactures flight-proven electric propulsion systems for satellites and provides launch services, headquartered in Alameda, California.
Applied Ion Systems
Applied Ion Systems develops and tests micro End Hall Thrusters for electric propulsion.
Ascend Beyond Space
Space technology startup developing solutions for orbital logistics and in-space operations.
Astra Space
Astra Space designs and manufactures responsive mobile launch systems (Rocket 4.0) and flight-proven electric propulsion systems for satellites, headquartered in Alameda, California.
ATI Space (Advanced Technology Institute)
Advanced Technology Institute (ATI) is a Tokyo-based space engineering firm supporting satellite and launch vehicle development, manufacturing thermal vacuum chambers, and supplying space-gr
Aurora Propulsion Technologies
Finnish manufacturer of water-propellant resistojet thrusters and propellant-free plasma brake deorbiting tethers for small satellites, from CubeSats to SmallSats.
Bellatrix Aerospace
Indian in-space propulsion company developing electric and green chemical thrusters and orbital transfer vehicles for missions from nanosatellites to GEO platforms.
Blue Orbit Space Systems
Blue Orbit Space Systems is a German deep-tech startup based in Bremen that develops electric propulsion systems for small satellites and plasma-based solutions for industrial applications.
Busek Co.
Busek Co. Inc. designs, develops, and manufactures electric propulsion thrusters and related space hardware for military, government, and commercial satellites, with a focus on Hall, electro
CU Aerospace
Small satellite propulsion systems developer specializing in electric and chemical thrusters for CubeSats and small spacecraft.
DeltaX Propulsion
Developer of electrospray thrusters using nanomaterials science for efficient electric propulsion of small satellites and spacecraft.
ENPULSION GmbH
Austrian manufacturer of Field Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP) systems for nano- and microsatellites, with over 200 propulsion units delivered to orbit.
EREMS
EREMS is a French SME founded in 1979, specializing in the design and realization of electronic equipment and software for high technology fields including Space.
ExoTerra Resource
US developer of miniaturized Hall effect thrusters and propellant distribution systems for high-impulse, affordable microsatellite and CubeSat propulsion.
Exotrail
French electric propulsion company; ExoMG™ Hall thrusters for satellite orbit raising, station-keeping, and deorbit; SpaceCloud OTV and SpaceOps software.
Hongqing Technology (鸿擎科技)
Beijing satellite constellation company partnered with Blue Arrow Aerospace; develops communications, remote sensing, and science satellites plus in-house Jinwu propulsion, Chiyu power, and
Howe Industries
Howe Industries is a Scottsdale, Arizona propulsion startup developing advanced space technologies including ThermaSat water-propellant electrothermal CubeSat thrusters, nuclear pulsed plasm
Hypernova Space Technologies
South Africa-based space hardware company developing the Lumen thermal vacuum testing system and providing TVAC test services for the aerospace industry.
ION-X
French startup developing ionic liquid electrospray thrusters for CubeSat and small satellite on-orbit propulsion; founded 2021.
Kreios Space
Spanish space technology startup developing satellite constellation infrastructure and communications solutions.
Lanzo Batteries
Lanzo Batteries designs and manufactures lithium-ion battery packs for space energy storage, serving large satellites, small satellites, and CubeSats.
Magdrive
British in-space propulsion company developing compact, high-thrust electric plasma thrusters using solid metal propellant for satellites and spacecraft.
Miles Space / RocketStar
RocketStar is a U.S. aerospace technology company developing reusable aerospike rocket engines, water-fueled and fusion-enhanced electric propulsion for spacecraft, and a suite of digital si
Morpheus Space
Electric propulsion systems for satellite mobility, deployment, and deorbiting.
MT Aerospace
German aerospace components manufacturer producing satellite tanks, CFRP structures, and antenna dishes for European satellite programs.
Neumann Space
Australian deep-tech company developing high-performance electric propulsion systems that use solid metal propellant (magnesium) for satellites, enabling cost-effective in-orbit maneuverabil
OHB Sweden AB
OHB Sweden builds small satellites, AOCS and propulsion systems. It is a provider of complete space missions, satellites, and spacecraft subsystems.
OhmSpace
Italian electric propulsion startup developing water-propelled resistojet thruster systems for nanosatellites and microsatellites, offering a safe, low-cost, and high-performance propulsion
Orbion Space Technology
US electric propulsion company developing Hall-effect thruster systems for commercial small satellites, enabling efficient in-orbit maneuverability for LEO constellations and beyond.
Orbital Arc
Orbital Arc designs and manufactures high power density ion propulsion systems, including the RIOT Drive technology, to enable cost-efficient and scalable space travel.
Pale Blue
Pale Blue develops and manufactures propulsion systems for small satellites, serving satellite integrators and operators worldwide.
Phase Four
US electric propulsion startup developing RF-powered Maxwell plasma thrusters for small satellite propulsion using xenon or krypton propellant.
Pulsar Fusion
Pulsar Fusion designs and manufactures electric and hybrid rocket propulsion systems, and is developing fusion propulsion technology for space applications.
QinetiQ Space
British defence technology company delivering mission-critical space capabilities — domain awareness, secure communications, PNT, electric propulsion, and test & evaluation — with over half
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Space Division
Israeli defence company Rafael's space division; EO satellite payloads, ADCS, propulsion, and communications systems for Israel's national defence satellite and intelligence programmes.
SITAEL S.p.A.
Italy's largest privately-owned aerospace company, part of the Angel Group, delivering turn-key smart microsatellite platforms, Hall Effect electric propulsion, and space-qualified electroni
Solid State Propulsion
South African electric Vacuum Arc Thruster company; pulsed plasma thrusters using solid metal fuel for nanosatellite orbit raising, formation flying, and controlled deorbit.
Space Electric Thruster Systems (SETS)
Ukrainian (Dnipro) manufacturer of Hall-effect electric propulsion systems for satellites: thrusters, power processing units, and xenon feed systems, with flight heritage since 2023.
SteamJet Space
Flight-proven water-based electrothermal propulsion systems for CubeSats and small satellites.
T4i - Technology for Propulsion and Innovation
Cold gas, monopropellant, and electric (iodine) propulsion systems for small satellites, deployers, and orbital transfer vehicles.
ThrustMe
ThrustMe designs and manufactures turnkey iodine-fuelled electric propulsion systems for satellite constellations, with products tested in space and delivered to clients worldwide.
URA Thrusters
UK electric propulsion company; Hall-effect thrusters using water vapour or gaseous oxygen; electrolysis propulsion and microwave electrothermal thrusters; green propellant alternatives.
VACCO Industries
US manufacturer of precision fluid control components and integrated propulsion systems for spacecraft, with 70+ years of heritage. Products include micro propulsion systems, valves, pressur
Viridian Space
VLEO air-scooping electric thruster (ASET) company; harvests atmospheric propellant for refuelable satellite platforms enabling sustainable very-low-Earth-orbit operations.
Voyager Technologies
Diversified space and defense technology company building Starlab, a commercial ISS-successor space station, alongside national-security space and defense electronics systems.
XIROI
XIROI develops advanced electrospray electric propulsion systems for small satellites and CubeSats.
Yuzhnoye Design Bureau
Yuzhnoye State Design Office (KB Pivdenne) is Ukraine's premier rocket and space engineering organization, providing full-cycle development of launch vehicles, spacecraft, and propulsion sys
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