A family of propulsion systems for femto-class and pico-class spacecraft, including ChipSats, designed for single-pulse orbital maneuvers using external energy sources, potentially including space debris.
Thrusters for very small satellites (Engines for ultra-small spacecraft)
A family of propulsion systems for femto-class and pico-class spacecraft, including ChipSats, designed for single-pulse orbital maneuvers using external energy sources, potentially including space debris.
Description
This project proposes the creation of engines with external energy sources for single-pulse inter-orbital maneuvers of femto-class ultra-small spacecraft, along with a family of related technical solutions. The long-term plan includes the economically effective use of space debris and technological waste as energy sources for these engines. Experimental equipment has been developed and manufactured, and materials with high gasification rates have been selected for the active targets of the engines. The functionality of the chosen technical solutions has been confirmed under conditions identical to open space. A series of ground tests under real conditions has been successfully completed, and flight tests are planned for 2021-2022 as part of an R&D grant. The development aims to address the lack of propulsion systems for ultra-small spacecraft (from 100g down to pico- and femto-classes, including ChipSats), which currently limits their application despite their low cost. The proposed solutions from D-Start LLC aim to be simple and effective, with a focus on using space debris as an energy source. Prototypes of solar thermosublimation and thermocatalytic engines ("Impulse-S" and "Impulse-TS"), as well as high-thrust single-pulse engines ("Impulse-A" and its simplified educational version "Impulse-U"), have been created and tested. Flight tests of mass-dimensional mock-ups of femto-spacecraft with "Impulse-S" engines were conducted in December 2021 on a prototype meteorological rocket. Sub-projects for the "Impulse-A" line (with international partners) and the "Impulse-U" educational line were initiated in 2022. Future plans include experiments with engine prototypes on the ISS in 2023 and on a stratospheric balloon in 2022. A technical solution, "Block," is proposed for mass application, integrating the engine with an external energy source reflector for femto-class to CubeSat spacecraft, compatible with existing CubeSat deployers.
Specifications
| Type | Micro-propulsion engine |
|---|---|
| Target platform | CubeSat, microsatellite |
| Thrust mode | Single-pulse high-thrust, continuous, or combined |
| Acceleration | > 10 g |
| Maneuver time | < 1 sec |
| Minimum spacecraft mass | ~ 10 g |
| Power | No |