Karman+'s inaugural autonomous spacecraft mission to rendezvous with a near-Earth asteroid and demonstrate kilogram-scale regolith capture.
High Frontier Mission 1
Karman+'s inaugural autonomous spacecraft mission to rendezvous with a near-Earth asteroid and demonstrate kilogram-scale regolith capture.
Description
High Frontier Mission 1 is Karman+'s inaugural autonomous spacecraft designed to rendezvous with an uncharacterized near-Earth asteroid and demonstrate regolith capture at kilogram scale, while minimizing mission duration and cost.
The spacecraft employs solar electric propulsion (SEP) and autonomous optical navigation — avoiding the expense of ground-based remote piloting — along with modified off-the-shelf hardware to dramatically reduce mission cost compared to traditional space agency approaches. The mission architecture uses a touch-and-go (TAG) interaction method, similar to NASA's OSIRIS-REx and JAXA's Hayabusa2, adapted for C-type rubble-pile asteroid surfaces.
Target selection is managed via Karman+'s proprietary asteroid leaderboard, which ranks hundreds of near-Earth asteroids by reachability (flexible launch windows and delta-v margins), excavation feasibility (size, rotation rate, surface stability), and scientific value (spectral profile). Asteroids rotating slower than the 2.2-hour spin barrier — indicating loosely consolidated rubble-pile structures — are prioritized for grappling arm interaction.
The spacecraft is being developed through an iterative Design-Build-Test-Break-Redesign cycle. Full-scale engineering models have undergone rapid iteration and first flight models are being assembled. Launch is planned for early 2027 aboard a SpaceX Transporter 19 rideshare mission.
Specifications
| Mission type | Near-Earth asteroid rendezvous and regolith capture |
|---|---|
| Launch vehicle | SpaceX Transporter 19 (rideshare) |
| Planned launch | Early 2027 |
| Propulsion | Solar electric propulsion (SEP) |
| Navigation | Autonomous optical navigation |
| Target asteroid class | C-type rubble-pile near-Earth asteroid |
| Regolith capture scale | Kilogram-scale demonstration |
| Interaction method | Touch-and-go (TAG) |
| Spacecraft mass class | Under 1,000 kg |
| Delta-v capability | ~7 km/s |